EP3-E-4-A  ALSTOM 控制单元

EP3-E-4-A ALSTOM 电除尘控制器
操控器（英文名称：controller）是指依照预订次序改动主电路或操控电路的接线和改动电路中电阻值来操控电动机的建议、调速、制动和反向的主令设备。由程序计数器、指令寄存器、指令译码器、时序产生器和操作操控器组成，它是发布命令的“决策机构”，即结束协和谐指挥整个计算机系统的操作。
EP3-E-4-A阿尔斯通控制器模块
控制器分组合逻辑控制器和微程序控制器，两种控制器各有长处和短处。组合逻辑控制器设计麻烦，结构复杂，一旦设计完成，就不能再修改或扩充，但它的速度快。微程序控制器设计方便，结构简单，修改或扩充都方便，修改一条机器指令的功能，只需重编所对应的微程序;要增加一条机器指令，只需在控制存储器中增加一段微程序，但是，它是通过执行一段微程。具体对比如下:组合逻辑控制器又称硬布线控制器，由逻辑电路构成，完全靠硬件来实现指令的功能。
要实现一个数字系统，你需要三个主要组成部分[1]:
(1)计算作用于计数器的函数的组合逻辑(ALU):
(2)存储位的存储单元(寄存器):
(3)控制内存元素更新的时钟信号
CPU的基本任务是执行指令，对计算机来说，这些指今最终是一由0和1。CPU在逻上可以分为控制单元、计算单元和存储单元三个模块，三个模块之间通过CPU内部总线连接。如下:
控制单元

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安制单元是整CPU的命今控制中心，由指今寄存器IR/Instruction Register)、指今解码器ID/lnstruction Decoder、操作控制0C1Operationcontroller 等组成。保持整个电脑的正常运行是很重要的。它根据用户预先编好的程序，依次从存储器中取出每条指令，放入指令寄存器IR中，通过指令解码(分析)确定需要执行什么操作，然后通过操作控制器OC，按照确定的时间顺序，向相应的部件发出微操作控制信号。操作控制器OC主要包括节拍脉冲发生器、控制矩阵、时钟脉冲发生器、复位电路和断电电路控制逻辑。运管器
是计算机的核心，您可以执行算术运算括基本污算，如加减乘数及其附加运和逻运算(包括移位、逻测试或两人值的比较)。相对于控制单元来说，计算机接受控制单元的命今并执行动作，即算术单元所执行的一切操作都是由控制单元发出的控制信号来指挥的，因此它是执行部件。存储单元
这些包括芯片内缓存和寄存器库，它们是CPU中等待处理或已经处理的数据的临时存储。CPU访问寄存器的时间比访问内存的时间要少。寄存器的使用可以减少CPU访问内存的次数，从而提高CPU的工作速度，然而，由于芯片面积和集成度的限制，寄存器库的容量不能很大。寄存器组可分为特殊寄存器和一般寄存器。专用寄存器的功能是固定的，分别存放相应的数据。另一方面，通用寄存器是通用的，可以由程席员指定。通用寄存器的数量因微外理器而异[21.

EP3-E-4-A

EP3-E-4-A ALSTOM Electric dust removal controller
The controller is a master device that changes the wiring of the main circuit or control circuit and changes the resistance value in the circuit to control the motor according to the pre-ordered order, speed regulation, braking and reverse. It is composed of program counter, instruction register, instruction decoder, time sequence generator and operation manipulator. It is a “decision mechanism” that issues commands, that is, it ends the operation of the whole computer system in harmony.
EP3-E-4-A Alstom controller module
The controller is divided into combinatorial logic controller and microprogram controller. The two controllers have their own advantages and disadvantages. Combinatorial logic controller design is troublesome, complex structure, once the design is completed, it can not be modified or expanded, but its speed is fast. Microprogram controller is convenient in design, simple in structure, easy to modify or expand, modify the function of a machine instruction, only need to reprogram the corresponding microprogram; To add a machine instruction, one simply adds a microprogram to the control memory, but it does so by executing a microprogram. The specific comparison is as follows: The combined logic controller, also known as the hard-wired controller, is composed of logic circuits and completely relies on hardware to achieve the function of instructions.
To implement a number system, you need three main components [1]:
(1) Calculate the combinatorial logic (ALU) of the function acting on the counter:
(2) Storage unit (register) of storage bits:
(3) Clock signal that controls the update of memory elements
The basic task of a CPU is to execute instructions, and to a computer, these are ultimately a series of 0s and 1s. The CPU can be divided into three modules on the logic: control unit, computing unit and storage unit, and the three modules are connected through the internal bus of the CPU. As follows:
Control unit
The security unit is the current control center of the whole CPU, which is composed of the current Register IR/Instruction Register, the current Decoder ID/lnstruction Decoder, and the operation control 0C1Operationcontroller. It is important to keep the whole computer running properly. According to the user’s pre-programmed program, it takes out each instruction from the memory in turn, puts it into the instruction register IR, determines what operation needs to be performed through instruction decoding (analysis), and then sends a microoperation control signal to the corresponding component through the operation controller OC in accordance with the determined time order. The operating controller OC mainly includes the beat pulse generator, control matrix, clock pulse generator, reset circuit and power off circuit control logic. Pipe carrier
Is the heart of the computer, you can perform arithmetic operations including basic arithmetic, such as add and subtract multipliers and their additional operations and logic operations (including shifts, logic tests, or comparison of two values). Compared with the control unit, the computer accepts the order of the control unit and performs the action, that is, all the operations performed by the arithmetic unit are commanded by the control signal issued by the control unit, so it is the executive part. Memory cell
These include on-chip caches and register libraries, which are temporary stores of data waiting to be processed or already processed in the CPU. The CPU spends less time accessing registers than it does accessing memory. The use of registers can reduce the number of times the CPU accesses the memory, thereby improving the CPU’s working speed, however, due to the limitations of chip area and integration, the capacity of the register library can not be very large. Register groups can be divided into special registers and general registers. The function of the special register is fixed, and the corresponding data is stored separately. General purpose registers, on the other hand, are general purpose and can be specified by the program operator. The number of general purpose registers varies from micromanager to micromanager [21.

EP3-E-4-A